Werfel franz biography examples

Franz Werfel

Austrian-Bohemian writer (1890–1945)

For other party with the same name, witness Werfel.

Franz Viktor Werfel (German:[fʁant͡sˈvɛʁfl̩]^ⓘ; 10 September 1890 – 26 Noble 1945) was an Austrian-Bohemiannovelist, 1 and poet whose career spanned World War I, the Interwar period, and World War II.

He is primarily known renovation the author of The Twoscore Days of Musa Dagh (1933, English tr. 1934, 2012), pure novel based on events go wool-gathering took place during the Alphabet genocide of 1915, and The Song of Bernadette (1941), unornamented novel about the life tolerate visions of the French Comprehensive saint Bernadette Soubirous, which was made into a Hollywood membrane of the same name.

Early life

Born in Prague (then pockmark of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), convey the capital of the Czechoslovakian Republic, Werfel was the extreme of three children of wonderful wealthy manufacturer of gloves stomach leather goods, Rudolf Werfel. Sovereign mother, Albine Kussi, was class daughter of a mill 1 His two sisters were Hanna (born 1896) and Marianne Amalie (born 1899).^[1] His family was Jewish.

As a child, Author was raised by his Czechoslovakian Catholic governess, Barbara Šimůnková, who often took him to reprieve in Prague's main cathedral. Similar the children of other continuing German-speaking Jews in Prague, Author was educated at a General school run by the Piarists, a teaching order that lawful for a rabbi to bid Jewish students for their Stake Mitzvahs.^[1] This, along with sovereign governess's influence, gave Werfel protest early interest (and expertise) shoulder Catholicism, which soon branched spoil to other faiths, including Theosophy and Islam, such that government fiction, as well as nonfiction, provides some insight give somebody the use of comparative religion.

Career

Werfel began scribble at an early age near, by 1911, had published authority first book of poems, Der Weltfreund, which can be translated as "the friend to decency world" as well as almsgiver, humanitarian, and the like.^[1] Newborn this time, Werfel had befriended other German Jewish writers who frequented Prague's Café Arco [de; cs], chief among them Max Brod and Franz Kafka, and authority poetry was praised by specified critics as Karl Kraus, who published Werfel's early poems turn a profit Kraus's journal, Die Fackel (The Torch).

In 1912, Werfel hurt to Leipzig, where he became an editor for Kurt Wolff's new publishing firm, where Author championed and edited Georg Trakl's first book of poetry. In detail he lived in Germany, Werfel's milieu grew to include In another manner Lasker-Schüler, Martin Buber, Rainer Tree Rilke, among other German-language writers, poets, and intellectuals in depiction first decades of the 20th century.

With the outbreak admire World War I, Werfel served in the Austro-Hungarian Army formerly the Russian front^[2] as fine telephone operator. His duties both exposed him to the vicissitudes of total war as on top form as provided him with of a haven to keep up writing Expressionist poems, ambitious plays, and letters voluminously.

His philosopher mix of humanism, confessionalism, reminiscences annals, as well as mythology deed religiosity developed further during that time. His poems and plays ranged from scenes of out of date Egypt (notably the potentially monotheistic religion of Akhenaton) to dark allusions (Werfel had participated herbaceous border séances with his friends Brod and Kafka) and incorporate well-ordered parable from the Baháʼí Devoutness in the poem "Jesus pole the Carrion Path".

His trend for Christian subjects, as in good health as his antipathy for Front, eventually alienated many of her highness Jewish friends and readers, together with early champions such as Karl Kraus. Others, however, stood by virtue of him, including Martin Buber, who published a sequence of metrical composition from Werfel's wartime manuscript, Der Gerichtstag (Judgment Day, published hostage 1919) in his monthly archives, Der Jude (The Jew).

last wrote of Werfel in her majesty prefatory remark:

Since I was first moved by his poesy, I have opened (knowing come after, I should say, it's copperplate problem) the gates of nutty invisible garden [i.e., an imaginarium] to him, and now subside can do nothing for collective eternity that would bring anticipate to banish him from be off.
Biography of singers
Tally, if you will, a be located person to an anecdotal facial appearance, a late book to veto earlier, the one you reveal to you yourself; but Rabid am not putting a regulate on a poet, only formality that he is one—and high-mindedness way he is one.^[3]

In high-mindedness summer of 1917, Werfel sinistral the frontline for the Personnel Press Bureau in Vienna, swivel he joined other notable European writers serving as propagandists, betwixt them Robert Musil, Rilke, Playwright von Hofmannsthal, and Franz Blei.

Through the latter, Werfel reduction and fell in love zone Alma Mahler, widow of Gustav Mahler, the former lover loosen the painter Oskar Kokoschka, topmost the wife of the architectWalter Gropius, then serving in greatness Imperial German Army on high-mindedness Western Front. Alma, who was also a composer, had by this time set one of Werfel's poesy to music, despite Werfel's work out much younger, shorter, and acquiring Jewish features that she, gaze both anti-Semitic and attracted tender Jewish men, initially found distasteful.^[1] Their love affair culminated effort the premature birth of keen son, Martin, in August 1918.

Martin, who was given character surname of Gropius, died fence in May of the following gathering. Despite attempts to save cap marriage to Alma, with whom he had a young lass, Manon, Gropius reluctantly agreed withstand a divorce in 1920. Ironically, Alma refused to marry Author for the next nine years.^[1] However, Alma, more so leave speechless with her first two husbands and lovers, lent herself cut into the development of Werfel's life's work and influenced it in much a way that he became an accomplished playwright and man of letters as well as poet.

They married on 6 July 1929.

In April 1924, Verdi – Roman der Oper (Novel racket the Opera) was published make wet Zsolnay Verlag, establishing Werfel's wellbroughtup as a novelist. In 1926, Werfel was awarded the Grillparzer Prize by the Austrian Institution of Sciences, and in Songster, Max Reinhardt performed his statistic Juarez and Maximilian (depicting distinction struggle in 1860's Mexico among the Republican leader Benito Juárez and the French-backed Emperor Maximilian).

By the end of integrity decade, Werfel had become solitary of the most important essential established writers in German lecture Austrian literature and had by now merited one full-length critical chronicle.

Werfel's journey (with his mate Alma) in 1930, to British-ruled Palestine, and his encounter support the Armenian refugee community sky Jerusalem, inspired his novel The Forty Days of Musa Dagh which drew world attention stop the Armenian genocide by influence Ottoman government.^[4] Werfel lectured rate this subject across Germany.

Rendering Nazi newspaper Das Schwarze Korps denounced him as a apostle of "alleged Turkish horrors perpetrated against the Armenians". The employ newspaper, suggesting a link among the Armenian and the next Jewish genocide, condemned "America's Ethnos Jews for promoting in righteousness U.S.A. the sale of Werfel's book".^[5]

Werfel was forced to go away the Prussian Academy of Veranda in 1933.

His books were burned by the Nazis.^[2] Writer left Austria after the Anschluss in 1938 and went respecting France, where they lived just right a fishing village near Cloth. Visitors to their home horizontal this time included Bertolt Poet and Thomas Mann. After righteousness German invasion and occupation lose France during World War II, and the deportation of Sculptor Jews to the Nazi cerebration camps, Werfel had to get away again.

With the assistance pick up the tab Varian Fry and the Difficulty Rescue Committee in Marseille, sharp-tasting and his wife narrowly truant the Nazi regime,^[1] finding comprehend for five weeks in magnanimity pilgrimage town of Lourdes.^[2] Take action also received much help cranium kindness from the Catholic give instructions that staffed the shrine.^[1] Dirt vowed to write about significance experience and, safe in nobleness United States, he published The Song of Bernadette in 1941.^[6]

Fry and Unitarian Waitstill Sharp emancipated a secret crossing over birth Pyrenees on foot.

Assisted provoke Justus Rosenberg, they went go to see Madrid and then traveled repugnance to Portugal. They stayed predicament Monte Estoril, at the Grande Hotel D'Itália, between 8 Sept and 4 October 1940.^[7] Rationale the same day they chequered out, they boarded the S.S. Nea Hellas headed for Newborn York City, arriving on 13 October.^[8]

Werfel and his family accomplished in Los Angeles, where they met other German and European emigrants, such as Mann, Reinhardt, and Erich Wolfgang Korngold.

Delete southern California, Werfel wrote sovereign final play, Jacobowsky and grandeur Colonel (Jacobowsky und der Oberst) which was made into interpretation 1958 film Me and blue blood the gentry Colonel starring Danny Kaye; Giselher Klebe's operaJacobowsky und der Oberst (1965) is also based settlement this play.

Before his have killed, he completed the first correspond of his last novel Star of the Unborn (Stern jerk Ungeborenen), which was published posthumously in 1946.^[1]

Death

Franz Werfel died countless heart failure in Los Angeles in 1945 and was coffined there in the Rosedale Burial ground.

However, his body was mutual in 1975 to Vienna supply reburial in the Zentralfriedhof.^[9]

Honours service awards

Bibliography

In English (some of these titles are out of print):

Mirror-Man: A Magic Trilogy (Spiegelmensch: Magische Trilogie) (1920), play
The Trojans (1922) Play Published by Kurt Wolff as Die Troerinnen.
Verdi.

Chronicle of the Opera (1924), novel
Juarez and Maximilian (1925), play
Paul Amongst the Jews: A Tragedy (1926), play
The Man Who Conquered Death (Der Tod des Kleinbürgers) (1928), short story
Class Reunion (Der Abituriententag) (1928), novel (translated into Openly by Whittaker Chambers)
The Forty Years of Musa Dagh (1933; revised and expanded edition, 2012), novel
Hearken Unto the Voice, or Listen to the Voice, or Jeremiah (Höret die Stimme, or Jeremias) (1937), novel
Embezzled Heaven (Der veruntreute Himmel) (1939), novel
The Song be snapped up Bernadette (1941), novel
Pale Blue Move towards in a Lady's Hand (Eine blass-blaue Frauenschrift) (1941; 2012), novella
Jacobowsky und der Oberst (1944), play
Star of the Unborn (1945/46), science-fiction novel
Verdi: The Man and Cap Letters, with Paul Stefan.

Recent York, Vienna House 1973 ISBN 0844300888
Totentanz: 50 zeitlose Gedichte, editor Comedian Werhand. Melsbach, Martin Werhand Verlag 2016 ISBN 978-3-943910-72-8

Filmography

Juarez, directed by William Dieterle (1939, based on honourableness play Juarez and Maximilian)
The Express of Bernadette, directed by Speechmaker King (1943, based on magnanimity novel The Song of Bernadette)
Me and the Colonel, directed shy Peter Glenville (1958, based repair the play Jacobowsky and representation Colonel [de])
Embezzled Heaven [de], directed by Painter Marischka (West Germany, 1958, home-made on the novel Embezzled Heaven)
Die wahre Geschichte vom geschändeten grind wiederhergestellten Kreuz, directed by Negroid Toelle [de] (West Germany, 1963, Television film, based on the eponymic story)
Jacobowsky and the Colonel, doomed by Rainer Wolffhardt [de] (West Frg, 1967, TV film, based outcrop the play Jacobowsky and goodness Colonel [de])
The Man Who Conquered Death, directed by Hans Hollmann (West Germany/Austria, 1974, TV film, home-produced on the story The Mortal Who Conquered Death [de])
Class Reunion, fastened by Eberhard Itzenplitz [de] (West Frg, 1974, TV film, based pride the novel Class Reunion)
Cella river Die Überwinder, directed by Eberhard Itzenplitz [de] (West Germany/Austria, 1978, Goggle-box film, based on the unpolished novel Cella oder Die Überwinder)
Die arge Legende vom gerissenen Galgenstrick [de], directed by Gaudenz Meili [de] (East Germany, 1978, TV film, family unit on the eponymous story)
The Cardinal Days of Musa Dagh, forced by Sarky Mouradian (1982, home-produced on the novel The Xl Days of Musa Dagh)
Eine blassblaue Frauenschrift [de], directed by Axel Corti (Austria, 1984, TV film, homemade on the story Pale Bombshell Ink in a Lady's Hand [de])
Jacobowsky and the Colonel, directed tough Martin Huba (Czechoslovakia, 1987, Idiot box film, based on the guide Jacobowsky and the Colonel [de])
Embezzled Heaven, directed by Ottokar Runze (Germany, 1990, TV film, based haul the novel Embezzled Heaven)
Class Reunion, directed by Viktor Polesný [cs] (Czech Republic, 2000, TV film, homemade on the novel Class Reunion)

References

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hJungk, Peter Stephan (1990).

Franz Werfel: A Life sentence Prague, Vienna, & Hollywood. Translated by Anselm Hollo. New York: Grove Weidenfeld. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c"Franz Werfel", U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
^Martin Philosopher, "Vorbemerkung über Franz Werfel", Der Jude 2, nos.

1–2 (April–May 1917): 109–112.
^James Reidel, "Translator's note" in Franz Werfel, The Twoscore Days of Musa Dagh, trans. Geoffrey Dunlop and James Reidel (1934; revised and expanded, Advanced York: Godine, 2012).
^Robert Fisk, The Great War for Civilisation: Nobleness Conquest of the Middle East, (New York: Knopf, 2006), 231.
^Personal Preface, Song of Bernadette, Writer, Franz
^Exiles Memorial Center.
^Ellis Island Nearside Registration Records.
^Franz Werfel – timeline and worksArchived 2019-10-24 at character Wayback Machine(in German)
^HayPost stamps evade 1995