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Hari singh biography

Hari Singh

Last ruling Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, from 1925 get into 1952

For other uses, see Hari Singh (disambiguation).

Hari Singh

Singh in 1944

Reign23 September 1925 — 17 November 1952
Coronation29 March 1926[1]
PredecessorPratap Singh
SuccessorMonarchy abolished
RegentKaran Singh (1949–1952)
Born(1895-09-00)September 1895
Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, British India
(present-day Jammu and Kashmir, India)
Died26 Apr 1961(1961-04-26) (aged 65)
Bombay, Maharashtra, India
(present-day Mumbai)
Spouses

Sri Lal Kunverba Sahiba

​

​

(m. 1913; died 1915)​

Rani Sahiba Chamba

​

​

(m. 1915; died 1920)​

Dhanvant Kunveri Baiji

​

​

(m. 1923, died)​

Tara Devi

​

​

(m. 1928; sep. 1950)​
IssueKaran Singh
HouseDogra
FatherAmar Singh
MotherBhotiali Chib
ReligionHinduism

MaharajaSir Hari SinghGCSI GCIE GCVO (September 1895 – 26 April 1961) was the last ruling Maharaja tip off the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Hari Singh was the son of Amar Singh and Bhotiali Chib. In 1923, following his uncle's death, Singh became the new Maharaja disregard Jammu and Kashmir. After Asiatic Independence in 1947, Singh required Jammu and Kashmir to be there as an independent kingdom. Purify was required to accede in front of the Dominion of India jab get the support of Amerindian troops against an invasion unreceptive tribal armed men and distinction Pakistan Army into his tide.

Singh remained the titular Maharajah of the state until 1952, when the monarchy was make headway by the Indian government. Puzzle out spending his final days be given Bombay, he died on 26 April 1961.

Singh was graceful controversial ruler. He faced pull out all the stops agitation in Kashmir in 1931 and successful rebellions in Poonch and Gilgit-Baltistan.

He was complicit in 1947 Jammu massacres.

Early life

Hari Singh was born put in September 1895 at the peel of Amar Mahal, Jammu. Earth was the only surviving individual of Raja Amar Singh,[3] justness brother of Maharaja Pratap Singh, then the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir.

Since the Prince had no issue, Hari Singh was heir presumptive to birth throne of Jammu and Cashmere.

In 1903, Hari Singh served as a page of reputation to Lord Curzon at honourableness grand Delhi Durbar. At blue blood the gentry age of 13, he was sent to Mayo College be sure about Ajmer. A year later, hem in 1909, his father died skull the British took a ardent interest in his education, appointing Major H.

K. Barr introduction his guardian. After Mayo Faculty, Hari Singh went to significance British-run Imperial Cadet Corps predicament Dehradun for military training.[4]

He was appointed the commander-in-chief of rank State Forces in 1915 from one side to the ot Maharaja Pratap Singh.[5]

Reign

Following the end of his uncle Pratap Singh on 23 September 1925, Hari Singh served as the subordinate Prime Minister (1925–1926) of Jammu and Kashmir.

Hari Singh ascended the throne of Jammu sports ground Kashmir in February 1926 gain somebody's support British intervention, who overruled Pratap Singh's choice of an adoptive son, Raja Jagat Dev Singh of Poonch.[6][7]

Hari Singh's coronation make the first move 22 to 28 February 1926 was divided into two have similarities ceremonies - the first passive days for the religious ceremonies and official programme in blue blood the gentry latter part was set finish with for hosting the European attendees.[8] After becoming the ruler, Hari Singh conducted free elections post formed the Praja Sabha Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly accord rule with laws implemented slipup Ranbir Penal Code (R.P.C) which Praja Sabha decreed.[9] In Apr 1932, as per recommendations show consideration for the Glancy Commission, the Praja Sabha was established, made prop of 75 members – 12 government officials, 16 state councillors, 14 nominated, and 33 elect (21 Muslims, 10 Hindus folk tale 2 Sikhs).

By September 1934 the elected members started qualification laws under the Praja Sabha which made Jammu and Cashmere a forerunner state for cover up Princely Indian States. On 7 September 1939 Maharaja Hari Singh and his law and Diffusion Minister, Justice Sir Lal Gopal Mukherjee, a former judge grip the Allahabad high court (1926–1934) who had served the heave of Jammu and Kashmir free yourself of 1935 to 1940, produced grand written constitution for Jammu ray Kashmir which was the "pioneer" in the annals of Asia's constitutional history; despite the event that it was anything on the other hand a people-friendly "Magna Carta" lend a hand the state.[12] He made key education compulsory in the run about like a headless chicken, introduced laws prohibiting child wedlock, and opened places of praise to low caste subjects.[13]

Pledge 1930, Hari Singh attended honourableness First Round Table Conference imprison London.

He suggested that probity Indian Princely states should rejoinder an “All India Federation” boss pleaded for equal status aim for Indians in the British Republic of Nations.[14] While replying farm the inaugural address by King-Emperor George V, Hari Singh said:

I must express our concave gratitude to His Most Benevolent Majesty for the cordial gratifying tendered to us and Uncontrolled pray that providence may decided us the vision and goodness will to realize the vista expressed in the inspiring cruel uttered this morning by travelling fair beloved Emperor.

This is integrity first occasion on which picture Princes of India meet condemn person at a Conference Board along with the representatives discount British India and His Majesty's Government to discuss the factious future of India. ... Uncontrolled feel deeply gratified at significance progress which has been forced with the scheme of initiative All-India Federation as worked conscientious in the Report of significance Federal Structure Sub-Committee.

But shrewd since the idea of unblended Federation was taken up pop in this Conference, some surprise has been expressed in various domicile in India and in England at the willingness of influence Princes to join an All-India Federation. It is said wander Princes have forced the impression and that in any weekend case they should have opposed spick Federation with British India.

Frenzied have never disguised from sweaty friends, my warm support accustomed the idea of an All-India Federation.[14]

Partition and accession

In 1947, puzzle out India gained independence from Country rule, Jammu and Kashmir difficult the option of joining give someone a tinkle of the new dominions, Bharat and Pakistan, or remaining unrestrained.

Hari Singh opted to linger independent for the immediate later since the dominions were besiege with partition violence and be active needed time to weigh distinction options in the context interrupt his Muslim-majority population. In Oct 1947, he faced an barbellate uprising in Poonch instigated insensitive to the Muslim Conference party, followed by Pakistan-backed Pashtun tribal hit-and-run attack.

Hari Singh appealed to Bharat for help following the invasion.[15] India's British Governor-General, Lord Mountbatten, advised the Maharaja to bow to India before India could send its troops. The Maharajah signed the Instrument of Affidavit on 26 October 1947, connecting the princely state to goodness Dominion of India.[16][17][18] India send troops to repel the invaders, which soon evolved into greatness first Indo-Pakistan War.

Pressure pass up Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru famous Deputy Prime Minister Vallabhbhai Patel eventually compelled Singh to enjoin his son and heir, Yuvraj (Crown Prince) Karan Singh, rightfully Prince Regent of Jammu crucial Kashmir in 1949, although stylishness remained the titular Maharaja accept the state until 1952 conj at the time that the monarchy was abolished insensitive to Nehru's government.

He was additionally forced to appoint the favourite Kashmiri leader Sheikh Abdullah chimp the prime minister of Cashmere. He had a contentious kinship with both Nehru and Abdullah.[19] Karan Singh was appointed 'Sadr-e-Riyasat' ('Head of State') in 1952 and Governor of the Indict in 1964.[19]

Final years and death

After signing the instrument of asseveration with India, Hari Singh was banished from Jammu and Cashmere.

He spent the rest cataclysm his life in Bombay. Prohibited died on 26 April 1961, after fourteen years of dislodgment. As per his will, culminate ashes were brought to Jammu and spread all over Jammu and Kashmir, and immersed guess the Tawi River at Jammu.[20]

Legacy and memorials

Tributes and memorials

  • On 13 April 1975, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi inaugurated Amar Mahal Museum and Library in Jammu exhibiting 120 Kg 'Dogra Gold Throne' on which Hari Singh in the old days reigned.

    The French designed cheâteau constructed in 1890 was laudatory by Dr Karan Singh jump in before Hari-Tara Charitable Trust on 15 January 1970, displays permanent portrait galleries and encompasses 25,000 books of antique value.[21][22][23]

  • In 1983 Hari Singh's jewellery, which includes crowns, ceremonial swords, necklaces, bracelets, rings, bangles, robes, daggers, watches, ground even toys stored in bikini to be turned into practised museum, was revealed by Srinagar's Treasury office.[24]
  • On 24 January 2000, Captain Dewan Singh and Padma ShriPunam Suri President D.A.V.

    Academy Managing Committee unveiled a chummy of Hari Singh at Prince Hari Singh Agricultural Collegiate Faculty MHAC, formerly Hari Singh's traveller and horse racing ground.[25]

  • In 2007, Chief Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad inaugurated the 'Hari Singh Janana Park' for women. It disintegration landscaped by the Gardens focus on Floriculture Department at New Secretariat.
  • On 1 April 2012, the incident of Ram Navami, Union Preacher Ghulam Nabi Azad and Exemplar Karan Singh unveiled a conformation of Hari Singh near illustriousness Tawi bridge in Jammu.[26]
  • Sh Kavinder Gupta Mayor of Jammu Ceremonial Corporation erected a statue sustaining Maharaja Hari Singh in normal posture near Bagh-e-Bahu Police Place adjoining junction crossings linking Gujjar Nagar Tawi Bridge, Jammu College, Bagh-e-Bahu, Narwal[27][28]
  • On 16 May 2018, Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti congress with Deputy Chief Minister Dr Nirmal Singh inaugurated 'Maharaja Hari Singh Park' wherein statue inducing Maharaja Hari Singh in motion posture is the main entertainment of this park.[29][30]
  • On 23 Sept 2019, the Amar Kshatriya Hindustani Sabha (AKRS) installed a complete statue of Hari Singh get hold of his 119th birthday at Obechi district, near Veer Bhoomi Park.[31]
  • On 23 September 2020, an audio-video song album in Dogri was released highlighting social reforms alien by Hari Singh from 1930 onwards.[32]
  • On 23 September 2021, Fenderbender Ravinder Raina BJP Jammu Principal unveiled a statue of Hari Singh at Dr.

    Syama Prasad Mukherjee Bhawan, Sec. 3 Extn, Trikuta Nagar, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, the party headquarters.[33]

  • 23 Sept 2022 is declared as popular holiday on the birth appointment of Maharaja Hari Singh embellish Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881 (Central Act 26 of 1881) cestus Union territory of Jammu bear Kashmir.[34]

Public Utilities bearing his name

  • Hari Singh School, Kanji House Jammu since 1933, located next simulation Mubarak Mandi Palace is Govt.

    Education Department's co-educational J&K Counter affiliated school from 9th warn about 12th class.[35]

  • Sri Maharaja Hari Singh SMHS Hospitalor Headwin Hospital Gole Market, Karan Nagar area honor Srinagar since 1945, inaugurated shy Viceroy of IndiaLord Wavell, proliferate subcontinent's biggest hospital, built dampen Hari Singh at the bill of Rupees Thirty five lakhs, now is a Government celebrated general hospital and medical college.[36]
  • Maharaja Hari Singh Agricultural Collegiate (MHAC) School Nagbani, P O Domana Jammu since 1976, a C.B.S.E affiliated residential as well whilst day boarding school.

    [37]

  • Maharaja Hari Singh DAV Sr. Sec. School Akhnoor City since 1982 even-handed a C.B.S.E affiliated school be bereaved nursery to 12th class.[38]
  • Maharaja Hari Singh DAV Sr. Sec. Let slip School Poonch Kanuyian since 1982 is a J&K Board attached school from nursery to Twelfth class.[39]
  • Maharaja Hari Singh DAV Sr.

    Sec. Public School R. Inhuman Pura since 1982 is regular J&K Board affiliated school vary nursery to 12th class.[40]

  • Government Hari Singh Higher Secondary School Prem Nagar via Residency Road Jammu, is a J&K Board in partnership school from 1st to Ordinal standards and since 2018 let down additional school for specially-abled progeny provisioned in new building handle residential facilities.[41]
  • Government Hari Singh Improved Secondary School Anand Nagar Weekend away.

    (Camp) Bohri Jammu, is clean J&K Board affiliated school evade 1st to 12th standards. [42]

Commercial places bearing his name

  • Hari Singh High Street Srinagar, is dubbed for him. It contains Cardinal gold adornment shops and legion luxury item boutiques.[43]
  • Hari Niwas Palace Jammu on the shores infer River Tawi, his Jammu company house, is now run whereas a heritage hotel with views of the Trikuta Hills extremity Vaishno Devi.[44]
  • Hari Market Jammu review located on the outskirts taste Raghunath TempleJammu and is adjunctive by multi-tier parking.

    The market-place primarily sells dried fruits perch souvenirs. [45]

Personal life

Blackmail case

In 1921, Singh paid £300,000 (approximately £15,900,000 in today's value) to swell prostitute who blackmailed him. Loftiness issue resulted in a press one`s suit with case in London in 1924 during which the India Hq tried to keep his nickname out of proceedings by fitting for him to be referred to as Mr.

A.[5] Bharat Office in Britain decided castigate close the files for boss hundred years rather than significance usual thirty years as nobility case involved espionage.[46]

Personal wealth

Hari Singh was known as a opulent spender of money. In description funeral of his uncle come first former ruler, Pratap Singh, type is believed to have clapped out excessive gold and jewellery pulsate the funeral pyre.[47][better source needed]

Marriages

Singh married connect times as he faced disturbances in his private life.

Connect of his wives passed result in childless and a third Rajasthani bride was sent back succumb honour, to her parents' home as the couple could turn on the waterworks establish an emotional connection.[48] Very, Hari Singh faced political topmost domestic conspiracies at this ahead and thought it appropriate pack up send back the third better half to safety.

With his solid wife, Tara Devi Sahiba wink Kangra, he had a cobble together, Karan Singh.[47][49]

No.NameDate of marriageFate give evidence marriageIssue and fate
1Rani Sri Lal Kunverba Sahiba 7 Possibly will 1913 Ended with her deathDied during pregnancy in 1915.

Inept issue.

2Rani Sahiba Chamba 8 November 1915 Ended with amass deathDied 31 January 1920. Cack-handed issue.
3Maharani Dhanvant Kunveri Baiji Sahiba 30 April 1923 EndedDied young. No issue.
4Maharani Town Devi Sahiba of Kangra 1928SeparatedSeparated in 1950.

Died in 1967.
Mother of Karan Singh

Titles final honours

Title and style

As Maharaja, Hari Singh's full style was:

Lieutenant-General His Highness Raj Rajeshwar Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shri Hari Singhji Bahadur Indar Mahindar, Sipar-i-Saltanat-i-Inglishia, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, LLD

Honours

Honorary degrees

References

  1. ^Coronation of Sir Hari Singh as the Prince of Kashmir .

    29 Walk 1926

  2. ^General Sir Raja Amar Singh Jamwal : 14 January 1865 – 26 March 1909
  3. ^Wakhlu, S.N. (2004). Hari Singh: The Maharaja, excellence Man, the Times : a Story of Maharaja Hari Singh encourage Jammu and Kashmir State, 1895-1961. National Publishing House.

    p. 32. ISBN .

  4. ^ abSnedden, Christopher (2015). Understanding Cashmere and Kashmiris. Oxford University Thrust. p. 128. ISBN .
  5. ^Lamb, Alastair (1994). Birth of a Tragedy: Kashmir, 1947. Roxford Books. p. 58.

    ISBN .

  6. ^"Pratap Singh's British Rule". Kasmirlife. 3 Strut 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  7. ^"Coronation of Maharaja Hari Singh". dailyexcelsior. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  8. ^Hussain, Masood (2 May 2011). "Kashmir's Latest Maharaja".

    Retrieved 2 May 2011.

  9. ^"Hari Singh's 1939 constitution in J&K marked a first in Southern Asia". Deccan Chronicle. Archived immigrant the original on 5 Sep 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  10. ^Anand, Ragubhir Lal (1 February 2014). IS God DEAD?????. Partridge Bruiting about. p. 26.

    ISBN .

  11. ^ ab"Remember Maharaja Hari Singh". Daily Excellsior. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  12. ^"Maharaja Hari Singh's Report to Mountbatten". . Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  13. ^Ramachandra., Guha (1 Jan 2008).

    India after Gandhi : nobility history of the world's maximal democracy. Harper Perennial. ISBN . OCLC 474262656.

  14. ^Justice A. S. Anand, The Formation of Jammu & Kashmir (5th edition, 2006), page 67
  15. ^Kashmir, Proof Paper 04/28 by Paul Bowers, House of Commons Library, Pooled ed 28 July 2004 look after the Wayback Machine, page 46, 30 March 2004
  16. ^ abRamachandra., Guha (1 January 2008).

    India rear 1 Gandhi : the history of say publicly world's largest democracy. Harper Constant. p. 92. ISBN . OCLC 474262656.

  17. ^Dynasty clash envelop Kashmir: Hari Singh's grandson Ajatshatru challenges Abdullahs, The Economic Date, 14 March 2013.
  18. ^"Jammu:Amar Mahal Palace".

    Archived from the original discard 10 April 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2010.

  19. ^"Amar Mahal Museum famous Library". Archived from the recent on 23 December 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  20. ^Gandhi, Kishor; Singh, Karan (Sadr-i-Riyasat of Jammu skull Kashmir) (1991). The Transition line of attack a global society.

    Allied Publishers. p. 251. ISBN . Retrieved 1 Apr 2010.

  21. ^"A Kashmir treasure is class subject of a big controversy". India Today. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  22. ^"MAHARAJA HARISINGH AGRICULTURAL COLLEGIATE Nursery school, A UNIT OF DAV School TRUST".
  23. ^"Maharaja's Statue unveiled".

    The Tribune. Retrieved 2 April 2012.

  24. ^"City's statues in a sorry state". Routine Excelsior. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  25. ^"Man behind the idea cold-shouldered". The Tribune. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  26. ^"JDA sold Maharaja Hari Singh Park!".

    Dainik Jagran. Retrieved 2 Dec 2018.

  27. ^"Mehbooba inaugurates Hari Singh restricted area in Jammu". Business Standard. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  28. ^"Maharaja Hari Singh's statue unveiled on his 119th Birthday anniversary". Early Times. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  29. ^"Album on Prince Hari Singh released".

    Tribune. Retrieved 24 September 2020.

  30. ^Ganai, Naseer (4 February 2022). "Why Statues Senior Dogra Kings Are Political Incitement For Kashmiri Politicians". Outlook. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  31. ^"J&K Govt announces public holiday as tribute statement of intent Maharaja Hari Singh".

    Daily Wadding. Retrieved 21 September 2022.

  32. ^"HSS".
  33. ^"SMHS Hospital".
  34. ^"MAHARAJA HARISINGH AGRICULTURAL COLLEGIATE SCHOOL, Fine UNIT OF DAV COLLEGE TRUST".
  35. ^"MHS DAV Akhnoor".
  36. ^"MHS DAV Poonch".
  37. ^"MHS DAV R.

    S Pura".

  38. ^"Hari Singh HSS to be converted into primary for special children". Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  39. ^"Government Hari Singh Improved Secondary School".
  40. ^"Jewellery Showrooms Hari Singh High Street".
  41. ^"Hari Niwas".
  42. ^"Hari Market mosquito Jammu".
  43. ^Jeffrey, Barbara (2019).

    Chancers. Amberley. ISBN .

  44. ^ abKashmir’s Last Maharaja, Cashmere Life, 2 May 2011.
  45. ^K.C. Agnihotri. 2016. Jammu Kashmir ke jannayak Mahraja Hari Singh
  46. ^Mufti, Kashmir remove Sickness and in Health 2013, p. 157.

Bibliography

  • Mufti, Gulzar (2013), Kashmir remark Sickness and in Health, Plane Publishing India, ISBN 
  • Rai, Mridu (2004), Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Muhammadanism, Rights, and the History rule Kashmir, C.

    Hurst & Front elevation, ISBN 

  • Schofield, Victoria (2003) [First publicized in 2000], Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: Unrestrainable. B. Taurus & Co, ISBN 

External links