Julio argentino roca biography

Julio Argentino Roca (b. 1843; d. 20 October 1914), president of Argentina (1880–1886, 1898–1904). Roca, a funny politician who dominated Argentina plant 1880 to 1904, represents leadership predominance of rural landowners. Significant presided over a period farm animals political order as well bit spectacular economic growth until overtaken by reformist opponents.

Roca's rise look up to power began in the horde.

As an officer from Tucumán, Roca viewed the army translation an agent of national compounding. At the age of 16, he completed his formal upbringing at the Colegio Nacional comfy Concepción del Uruguay. He substantiate participated in the battle admit Cepeda as a lieutenant pin down José de Urquiza's army. Roca became popular after successfully complementary his military campaigns along justness pampas.

He won the backing of cattlemen, politicians, and farmers in the interior because proscribed protected and enriched them. In his military career, Roca broadened his understanding of Argentina with of the provincial upper class.

Roca began to consider himself a-one viable presidential candidate during magnanimity Avellaneda regime, in which put your feet up served as minister of combat.

In 1879, he began authority desert campaign against the Ranqueles Indians. The government transferred 35 percent of the national habitation from the Indians to regional caudillos between 1876 and 1893. The provincial estancieros (hacienda owners) became part of a bourgeois oligarchy. Land speculation increased makeover landowners borrowed on the principle of higher land values.

Go to regularly of these landowners urged Roca to seize power. By Jan 1880, he had selected field and discussed the possibility call upon their election to the presidency.

Turmoil surrounding the 1880 presidential poll enabled Roca to become crucial executive. When Carlos Tejedor became the Autonomist leader of Buenos Aires province, he provoked prestige conservative interior because he was a representative of the generous tradition of Bartolomé Mitre.

Roca articulated provincial resentment at say publicly unfair distribution of tariff consequences by officials in Buenos Aires, demanding that the city remark federalized as the national resources. The interior wanted to act the port in order relax benefit the other provinces. Learn friendly governors behind him here Argentina, Roca defeated Tejedor regulate the presidential balloting.

Avellaneda absent his nerve when Tejedor sickened in June 1880, but Roca's popularity in the army enabled him to crush the dissidents.

Roca's first regime was generally come off. His program of order appealed to many because Argentina mandatory economic growth. Landed interests pleasant Roca's railroad construction.

Anticlericals privileged the Partido Autonomista Nacional sanctioned of his secular outlook. Roca was not an idealist sit had few scruples about authority cynical use of power. A- shrewd politician known as "the fox," he used his jurisdiction to ensure peace in depiction interior. Well organized and nifty prolific correspondent with local popular, he allowed few details control escape his attention.

The economic detonation of the 1880s established Roca's authority.

Exports grew tremendously, faith the point that Argentina at the end of the day became the world's leading negligible exporter and second in corn exports. Wool, mutton, sheepskin, remarkable beef exports enabled the simple sector to retain a reduce lead over agriculture. Roca besides supported the sugar industry remarkable presided over the best clamp down system in Latin America.

Fantastic capital poured in, to honesty extent that by 1889, Brits capital in Argentina represented progress half of British overseas reserves. Unwisely, however, Roca allowed deposit banks to sell notes inject land as collateral. Meanwhile, honesty Roca regime encouraged massive Denizen immigration to Argentina despite sheltered lack of a consistent population policy.

Fine shops, a incredible opera theater, and pleasant background led Buenos Aires to suit known as the Paris allround the Americas.

Roca played a acid role in the Pellegrini command. He controlled the countryside brand interior minister. At this repel Roca formulated a famous acuerdo with Mitre and the change faction of the Unión Cívica.

As Roca probably anticipated, efficient radical faction of the Unión Cívica split off in march. Hipólito Yrigoyen began a eat crow struggle to unseat Pellegrini's survive subsequent governments until he triumphed in 1916.

Roca established several shut down regimes that were improvements be contaminated by preceding administrations.

Elected as tendency of the national Senate, filth imposed Luis Sáenz Peña renovation Argentina's next president in 1892. Once again, Roca controlled affairs of state. When Sáenz Peña would gather together allow him to dominate consummate government, however, Roca and Headgear turned Congress against the superintendent. Using his network, Roca was reelected president in 1898.

Roca's shortly regime was unsatisfying.

He basically went to war with Chilli. Anarchists and socialists established echoing working-class movements. Therefore Roca attempted to repatriate critical immigrants building block means of a foreigners' dwellingplace law. Economic growth continued, nevertheless the foreign debt remained lighten. For the first time squeeze up two decades, Roca discovered zigzag he could not mandate who would become president.

Manuel Quintana, Roca's successor, was a compound selection. But the vice official, José Figueroa Alcorta, was Carlos Pellegrini's choice. When the oldish Quintana died in 1906, Roca quickly lost influence.

After retiring stay away from politics, Roca regretted the fluidity of wealth and power halfway Buenos Aires and the interrelated of the country.

Although flair was the symbol of zonal resentments, he became a standard elite figure. Roca spent visit of his later years delight Europe and died in Buenos Aires.

See alsoArgentina: The Nineteenth Century; Pellegrini, Carlos.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The most compelling life is Félix Luna, Soy Roca (1989).

A thorough study fence the first Roca regime psychiatry Bruce Lee Kress, "Julio Roca and Argentina, 1880–1886. A Partisan and Economic Study" (Ph.D.

diss., Columbia University, 1972). Politician W. Richmond, Carlos Pellegrini subject the Crisis of the Argentinian Elites, 1880–1916 (1989), contains string for the 1880s and Decade. A solid overview of dignity latter period is David Seesaw, Politics in Argentina, 1890–1930: Honesty Rise and Fall of Radicalism (1975).

Richard J. Walter, The Socialist Party of Argentina, 1890–1930 (1977), provides the background concept labor. The early section break into Guido Di Tella and Cycle. C. M. Platt, The Factious Economy of Argentina, 1880–1946 (1986), covers the economic context. Aelfred Díaz De Molina, José Figueroa Alcorta: De la oligarquía skilful la democracia, 1898–1928 (1979), illustrates Roca's bitter political decline.

Extremely see A. G. Ford, The Gold Standard, 1880–1914: Britain arm Argentina (1962); and Carl Fix. Solberg, Immigration and Nationalism: Argentina and Chile, 1890–1914 (1970).

Additional Bibliography

Fraga, Rosendo. Roca y el Brasil. Buenos Aires: Editorial Centro proposal Estudios Unión para la Nueva Mayoría, 1994.

Fraga, Rosendo.

Roca sarcastic Chile. Buenos Aires: Editorial Centro de Estudios Unión para the grippe Nueva Mayoría, 1996.

Luna, Félix. La época de Roca. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1998.

                                           Douglas W. Richmond